Estonia may face difficulties recruiting conscripts among men — ERR News

In 2035–2040, Estonia may find it more difficult to recruit the required number of conscripts from men alone due to a decline in the number of boys being born. This was stated by Anu Rannaveski, director general of the Defence Resources Agency, ERR News reports.

The number of conscripts is determined annually by the commander of the Estonian Defence Forces based on reserve needs. In recent years, it has ranged from approximately 3,600 to 3,800 people. Starting next year, up to 4,100 people are planned to be called up for military service.

Declining birth rate

According to Rannaveski, the demographic trend indicates a decline in the number of boys born in the country, and the situation will worsen further. At the same time, the Defence Forces must find a way to meet the target of recruiting 4,100 conscripts.

In 2025, 9,240 children were born in Estonia, including 4,789 boys. Rannaveski noted that more than half of society currently has limited opportunities to participate in national defence. Women can voluntarily join military service, while the state specifically approaches men regarding conscription.

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Women’s participation in service

Women have been entitled to voluntarily undertake military service in Estonia since 2013. About 50 women join each year, accounting for 1–2% of the total number of conscripts. According to Rannaveski, they can serve in various units and perform tasks well.

She also said that only about one-third of young men who begin service meet the required physical standards. During service, both men and women improve their physical fitness.

If filling conscription ranks with men alone becomes difficult, Estonia will have to introduce a more compulsory system, Rannaveski said. She cited Norway, Sweden and Denmark as examples, where not all women are selected for service, but rather the most motivated candidates with the necessary knowledge, experience and skills. In her view, compulsory service for everyone would not be the optimal option, as the number of potential conscripts would exceed the number of available places.